The paper centres on analysis of key sources: personal care, cosmetics, and cleaning products (PCCPs), synthetic materials (microfibers), tyres, fertilisers and biosolids; and key pathways that include wastewater and sewerage treatment plants. It explores mitigation and management approaches; focussing on circular economy approaches, product stewardship, extended producer responsibility, consumer behaviour and regulatory options. The paper concludes by outlining possible policy options for managing and mitigating impacts of microplastics in the Australian marine environment.