%0 Journal Article %J PloS ONE %D 2011 %T Biodiversity Offsets: A Cost-Effective Interim Solution to Seabird Bycatch in Fisheries? %A Pascoe, Sean %A Chris Wilcox %A Donlan, C Josh %X

The concept of biodiversity offsets is well established as an approach to environmental management. The concept has been suggested for environmental management in fisheries, particularly in relation to the substantial numbers of non-target species—seabirds in particular—caught and killed as incidental bycatch during fishing activities. Substantial areas of fisheries are being closed to protect these species at great cost to the fishing industry. However, other actions may be taken to offset the impact of fishing on these populations at lower cost to the fishing industry. This idea, however, has attracted severe criticism largely as it does not address the underlying externality problems created by the fishing sector, namely seabird fishing mortality. In this paper, we re-examine the potential role of compensatory mitigation as a fisheries management tool, although from the perspective of being an interim management measure while more long-lasting solutions to the problem are found. We re-model an example previously examined by both proponents and opponents of the approach, namely the cost effectiveness of rodent control relative to fishery area closures for the conservation of a seabird population adversely affected by an Australian tuna fishery. We find that, in the example being examined, invasive rodent eradication is at least 10 times more cost effective than area closures. We conclude that, while this does not solve the actual bycatch problem, it may provide breathing space for both the seabird species and the industry to find longer term means of reducing bycatch.

%B PloS ONE %I PloS ONE %V 6 %8 01 Jan 2011 %U http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0025762 %N 10 %R 10.1371/journal.pone.0025762 %0 Report %D 2010 %T Assessing anthropogenic hazards to endangered species using expert opinion surveys: a case study with sea turtles %A Donlan, C Josh %A WINGFIELD, DANA K. %A Larry B Crowder %A Chris Wilcox %I Conservation Biology %0 Journal Article %J Biological Invasions %D 2010 %T Bird demographic responses to predator removal programs %A Lavers, Jennifer L. %A Chris Wilcox %A Donlan, C Josh %K Eradication benefits %K Invasive predator %K island restoration %K Population recovery %K Predator control %X

Invasive predators pose a significant risk.to bird populations worldwide. Humans have a long.history of removing predators from ecosystems;.current island restoration actions typically focus on.the removal of invasive predators, such as non-native.rodents, from seabird breeding islands. While not.overly abundant, the results of predator removal.studies provide valuable information on the demographic.response of birds, and can assist conservation.practitioners with prioritizing invasive predator.removal projects. We review such studies focusing.on observed demographic responses of bird populations.to predator removal campaigns and whether.ecological factors are useful in predicting those.responses. From the 800? predator removal programs.indentified, a small fraction (n = 112) reported.demographic responses of bird populations. Change.in productivity was the most commonly reported.response, which on average increased by 25.3% (2.5.SE) with predator removal. The best supported model.for predicting the change in productivity from predator.removal incorporated bird body mass, egg mass,.predator type, nest type and an interaction term for.body mass and nest type (AICc weight = 0.457). The.predicted percent increase in productivity resulting.from hypothetical predator removal ranged from 16.9.to 63.0% (mean = 45.0, 5.6 SE), and was lowest for.large, surface nesting birds such as albatrosses. The.predicted increase in productivity resulting from.predator removal alone was insufficient to reverse.the predicted population decline for 30–67% of bird.species considered, suggesting that in many cases,.removal of predators must be performed in combination.with other conservation actions in order to ensure.a stable or increasing population..

%B Biological Invasions %I Biological Invasions %V 12 %P 3839 - 3859 %8 01 Nov 2010 %U http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-010-9776-x %N 11 %! Biol Invasions %R 10.1007/s10530-010-9776-x %0 Conference Paper %B International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, IIFET 2010 Conference %D 2010 %T Compensatory mitigation: an interim solution to seabird bycatch in fisheries? %A Pascoe, Sean %A Chris Wilcox %A Donlan, C Josh %B International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, IIFET 2010 Conference %U http://oregonstate.edu/dept/IIFET/publications.html %0 Journal Article %J Conservation Biology %D 2010 %T Using expert opinion surveys to rank threats to endangered species: a case study with sea turtles %A Donlan, C Josh %A WINGFIELD, DANA K. %A Larry B Crowder %A Chris Wilcox %X

conservation planning, expert bias, expert elicitation, prioritization, species recovery, threat assessment

%B Conservation Biology %I Conservation Biology %V 24 %P 1586 - 1595 %8 01 Dec 2010 %U http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01541.x/abstract %N 6 %R 10.1111/cbi.2010.24.issue-610.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01541.x %0 Journal Article %J Conservation Letters %D 2009 %T Debt investment as a tool for value transfer in biodiversity conservation %A Mandel, James T. %A Donlan, C Josh %A Chris Wilcox %A Cudney-Bueno, Richard %A Pascoe, Sean %A Tulchin, Drew %X

conservation finance, environmental mortgages, incentives, microfinance, return on investment

%B Conservation Letters %I Conservation Letters %V 2 %P 233 - 239 %8 01 Oct 2009 %U http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1755-263X.2009.00070.x/abstract %N 5 %R 10.1111/conl.2009.2.issue-510.1111/j.1755-263X.2009.00070.x %0 Report %D 2009 %T Maximizing return on investment for island restoration and seabird conservation in Southeast Alaska, USA and British Columbia, Canada. %A Donlan, C Josh %A Chris Wilcox %0 Journal Article %J Conservation Biology %D 2009 %T Need for a clear and fair evaluation of biodiversity offsets for fisheries bycatch %A Chris Wilcox %A Donlan, C Josh %B Conservation Biology %I Conservation Biology %V 23 %P 770 - 772 %8 01 Jun 2009 %U http://www.advancedconservation.org/library/wilcox_&_donlan_2009.pdf %N 3 %R 10.1111/cbi.2009.23.issue-310.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01173.x %0 Report %D 2009 %T Opportunities for using debt investment to link livelihood improvement and environmental conservation initiatives: A case study examining the tropical Pacific %A Donlan, C Josh %A Chris Wilcox %A Mandel, James T. %A Rodriquez, L. %I Advanced Conservation Strategies %C Midway, Utah, USA %0 Magazine Article %D 2009 %T Why environmentalism needs high finance %A Donlan, C Josh %A Mandel, James T. %A Chris Wilcox %I SEED Magazine %U http://seedmagazine.com/content/article/why_envronmentalism_needs_high_finance/ %0 Journal Article %J Biological Invasions %D 2008 %T Integrating invasive mammal eradications and biodiversity offsets for fisheries bycatch: conservation opportunities and challenges for seabirds and sea turtles %A Donlan, C Josh %A Chris Wilcox %X

invasive mammal eradication, biodiversity offsets, fisheries bycatch, cost-effective conservation, seabirds, sea turtles

%B Biological Invasions %I Biological Invasions %V 10 %P 1053 - 1060 %8 01 Oct 2008 %U http://www.springerlink.com/content/d48x1m6734242875/ %N 7 %! Biol Invasions %R 10.1007/s10530-007-9183-0 %0 Journal Article %J Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment %D 2007 %T Compensatory mitigation as a solution to fisheries bycatch – biodiversity conservation conflicts %A Chris Wilcox %A Donlan, C Josh %B Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment %I Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment %V 5 %P 325 - 331 %8 01 Aug 2007 %U http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/1540-9295%282007%295%5B325%3ACMAAST%5D2.0.CO%3B2 %N 6 %! Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment %R 10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[325:CMAAST]2.0.CO;2 %0 Journal Article %J Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment %D 2007 %T Compensatory mitigation as a solution to fisheries bycatch–biodiversity conservation conflicts %A Chris Wilcox %A Donlan, C Josh %B Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment %I Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment %V 5 %P 325 - 331 %8 01 Aug 2007 %U http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/1540-9295%282007%295%5B325%3ACMAAST%5D2.0.CO%3B2 %N 6 %! Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment %R 10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[325:CMAAST]2.0.CO;2 %0 Report %D 2007 %T Compensatory mitigation for marine bycatch will do harm, not good – Reply %A Chris Wilcox %A Donlan, C Josh %I Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment %U http://www.esajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1890/1540-9295%282007%295%5B351%3ATAR%5D2.0.CO%3B2 %0 Journal Article %J Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment %D 2007 %T Compensatory mitigation: the authors reply %A Donlan, C Josh %A Chris Wilcox %B Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment %I Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment %V 5 %P 521 - 522 %8 01 Dec 2007 %U http://www.esajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1890/1540-9295%282007%295%5B521:CMTAR%5D2.0.CO%3B2 %N 10 %! Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment %R 10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[521:CMTAR]2.0.CO;2 %0 Journal Article %J Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment %D 2007 %T Compensatory mitigation: the authors reply %A Donlan, C Josh %A Chris Wilcox %B Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment %I Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment %V 5 %P 521 - 522 %8 01 Dec 2007 %U http://www.esajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1890/1540-9295%282007%295%5B521:CMTAR%5D2.0.CO%3B2 %N 10 %! Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment %R 10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[521:CMTAR]2.0.CO;2 %0 Journal Article %J Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment %D 2007 %T Compensatory mitigation: the authors reply %A Donlan, C Josh %A Chris Wilcox %B Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment %I Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment %V 5 %P 521 - 522 %8 01 Dec 2007 %U http://www.esajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1890/1540-9295%282007%295%5B521%3ACMTAR%5D2.0.CO%3B2 %N 10 %! Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment %R 10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[521:CMTAR]2.0.CO;2 %0 Report %D 2007 %T Offsets for bycatch: practical suggestions not panaceas %A Donlan, C Josh %A Chris Wilcox %I Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment %U http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/1540-9295%282007%295%5B325%3ACMAAST%5D2.0.CO%3B2